Any misalignment will reduce the intercepted power. Minor variations over much longer cycles e.g., 88 years, 208 years, and 1000 years have also been detected.The panel must be at right angles to the rays for receiving maximum energy. Yearly sum of global irradiance (source: GreenRhinoEnergy)Apart from this annual variation, there may be changes due to sun spot activity which happens every eleven and a half years approximately. The irradiance increases by about 3% in February, and reduces by about 3% in July each year due to change in distance from the sun. One of the reasons is ellipticity of our planet's orbit around the sun. This means a panel the area of 1m 2 will receive a solar power of about 1kW/m 2 provided it is facing the sun directly.How much of it the panel and the balance of system convert to useful power? That depends on the system efficiency, particularly, the panel conversion efficiency.These figures are average values over the year. Solar energy is there for everyone to use but some of us do not care to benefit from it.From an average distance of about 93 million miles at a temperature of 5800K (nearly 5500☌) the sun is showering the earth’s atmosphere continuously with approximately 1367 W/m 2on an average day.The atmosphere cuts off some of the energy and at the earth’s surface the power density is about 1050 w/m 2. Only, we earthlings turn our faces from it”, said a wise man once.
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